Business knowledge



  1. Excellent new theory requires "unexpected" and "satisfying". Dilemma of innovation: Great companies fail in the market because they behave correctly. Sustainable innovation for existing companies and destructive innovation for new companies.
  2. Diagnosis of SME: We propose growth strategy. Provision of management plan necessary for application of various support measures (grant, loan, investment, credit guarantee) Agency / proposal
  3. A management analysis system that easily analyzes enormous data: Display related indicators and analysis results by keyword search. Based on accounting / sales data, selling points, index creation, demand forecast, etc.
  4. Three pillars of the website: product (offering service), content, marketing
  5. Leadership is not only required for superiors with subordinates but for all employees. To define leadership and to specifically extract the actions necessary to demonstrate it.
  6. Leader conditions: (1) You have expertise. (2) I can communicate with explanation. (3) Can carry out reforms. ④ Respond quickly to unforeseen circumstances.
  7. Growth of convenience stores: Continuing to add administrative procedures, financial services, tickets, cafe functions, and incorporating housewives and senior citizens from a single refrigerator resulted in saturating growth.
  8. Only one is important in the finished product market. In the parts market, low-priced number one is important because supplier company procures from multiple companies (to make price competition to prepare for supply incident).
  9. Keywords to drive consumers are price and time. It is the key to how to pick up items quickly and get it soon.
  10. Strategies can be imitated. However, if there is a migration barrier, that is not the case. Pay attention to what the competing transport barriers are.
  11. The purpose of management is to maximize corporate value.
  12. Autonomous decision-makers evolve while coordinating and competing repeatedly. In the IT world, hard, basic software, applied software, services, content companies voluntarily connect.
  13. Analogue era: The technology of grinding the parts at the manufacturing stage (processing accuracy) is key. Vertical integration is effective. Digital era: Parts are becoming more versatile, after all they are simply combined. No vertical integration required
  14. Smile Curve: If material / device, assembly, sales / maintenance are arranged on the horizontal axis and added value is taken on the vertical axis, a downward convex graph is formed.
  15. International Comparison of GDP: Look at both purchasing power parity and nominal exchange rate. Compared with the nominal exchange rate, China and India will nearly double, while Japan will be 0.8 times. In the purchasing power parity, it will be in the order of the United States, China, Japan.
  16. Among the revenues of overseas subsidiaries (revenues from overseas direct investment such as factories and sales bases), the ratio of dividends to domestic headquarters in Japan is 50% in 2001-2008, It reached 80% in 2009 ~ 11 years. The chance came from tax exemption of foreign subsidiary dividends in 2009. The absolute amount of dividends has increased year by year. Dividends received by the head office are used for reinvestment and repayment of borrowings.
  17. Business model: "Luxury item small quantity sales" and "Light profit sale", "Item sales + consumable supplies continuation sales + maintenance fee + after service" model
  18. Digital home appliances do not need factory field strength, know-how, production skills, anyone can make it by purchasing manufacturing equipment. It depends only on economies of scale and labor costs.
  19. Assets of a company: (1) assets financial assets, physical assets visible in financial statements, (2) invisible assets human assets (employees, partners), customer assets (customers, distribution channels) Strategy, technology)
  20. The qualities of innovation: seemingly linking two things, questioning, observing, interacting with different cultures, actually trying out discoveries and ideas.
  21. Do not stick to successful experiences. The top job is to make another new business organization on the track in parallel with successful business.
  22. In the changing world, if we do not continue to innovate, we will decline. What should be compared and examined in the DCF is not a discount rate (return on financial investment) but a negative value of decline. The choice not to invest when DCF becomes negative means declining. DCF does not incorporate the actions of competitors.
  23. Set up an office in an empty store in the shopping center, receive orders by telephone or fax from the product catalog, purchase the goods in the shopping district, deliver it or deliver it to the nearest bus stop. She accompanies her elderly shopping, carries baggage and carries it to her house. Delivery shopping streets using public facilities, mobile shopping streets with trucks, etc.
  24. Smaller enterprises, such as small and medium enterprises, have bigger variations in subsequent growth rates and become more unstable to the company's continued growth.
  25. Collect registered users in the free membership system, analyze the attributes and browsing history of registered users, extract users with high probability of conversion to paid members, select some attractive service patterns To the user, finds a reaction, finds an effective pattern, promotes the pattern and urges the user to become a paid member.
  26. Development of overseas market: When looking for a foreign company (import trading company) on the net, we will send e-mail to "one of Japan's ○ ○, why not sell ○ ○ in your country"? . Transact with the company that reacted.
  27. Although we have restrained the influence of the weakening of the dollar by transferring production to Asia and procuring dollar-denominated parts, in the case of the weak euro, there are no procurement of euro-denominated parts at production bases in Asia, The euro's weakness in the euro area, which is ahead, is easy to influence. Each company responds by increasing the euro-denominated borrowing. The dollar depreciation has a strong merit in resource import companies, but the weaker euro does not benefit. It becomes disadvantageous in competition with European manufacturers in the world market.
  28. In developed countries, not just selling products but providing high value added services is key, while in emerging countries mass marketing of low cost machines with simple functions is key. (Change in product needs according to development stage)
  29. Four elements of business model: customer value proposal, profit equation, key management resources, key business process
  30. IT appliances are universal in the world. It becomes a simple price competition in the economy of general purpose and scale of products. White goods household appliances differ in specifications from country to country, so they do not compete in mass production.
  31. Horizontal division of labor and vertical integration: horizontal division of labor has the greatest value.
  32. Profitability of Kawakami Industries (parts and materials) and downstream industries (sales, service) is high, but the profitability of the assembled manufacturing industry in the middle is low.
  33. Owing to the decrease in retailers and the aging of society, "shoppers are weak" occurred in daily shopping. Solution includes home delivery service by supermarket and shipping company tie-up, holding "Aozora City" at apartment complex, introduction of mobile sales vehicle, etc.
  34. Operating Income by Region: Calculate the operating profit of production subsidiaries and sales subsidiaries by region, such as Japan, North America, Asia etc. When exporting from Japan to Asia, the profit of production stands in Japan, and profits from buying and selling are posted in Asia.
  35. Two necessary abilities for team leader: (1) to score results of team while scolding (2) to improve team's mood.
  36. For comparison of company performance, the ordinary income ratio is represented on the horizontal axis, the sales per employee is on the vertical axis, and sales are represented by the size of the plot (circle).
  37. The share of labor costs in manufacturing costs of Japanese listed companies is 10%. With the advancement of machine tools, the factory has become unmanned. Regardless of high and low labor cost, to the era when manufacturing costs are the same regardless of the world wherever you have machine tools, as long as you have machine tools.
  38. Investigation of foreign-affiliated companies: Consider expansion of business in Japan in IT (business software development, I T consult), service (aviation, transportation), financial (insurance, investment) The manufacturing industry has no interest in Japan.
  39. Problems that foreign-affiliated companies think: closed rules of business practices such as unspecified industry-specific rules. Contract culture is immature. The corporate tax is high. Documents such as laws and institutions are not Englishized. There are many regulations. Lack of skilled English talent.
  40. Shutter streeting problem in local city shopping streets: large shopping centers are built in the suburbs, customers are more distant. The modernization (remodeling remodeling, aisle extension) business of the shopping area erases the personality and historical appeal of the city, and a large debt remains.
  41. Revitalize shopping street: Have effective products that are not handled at large stores or other shops. A fine customer product customization, fine-grained repair, maintenance points are points for acquiring fixed customers. Mutual sales of special products by network with other area shopping districts.
  42. R & D efficiency: R & D efficiency = cumulative operating profit for 5 years / cumulative R & D expenditure for the previous 5 years. It is usually in the range of 50% to 150%.
  43. Points of Diagnosis for Small and Medium Enterprises: (1) Change of Production Procedure Drafting Productivity Improvement Measures by Utilizing Surplus Personnel Reducing Production Cost and Shortening Delivery Period by Reducing Production Process. (2) Utilization of IT Improvement of in-house system, establishment of network with customer. (3) Review marketing product composition, review customer targets, new products to existing markets, existing products to new markets, existing direct marketing via Internet at home, customer feedback
  44. Corporate Foreign Exchange Fluctuation Countermeasures: Increase the procurement of parts from overseas by foreign exchange hedging, promotion of overseas local production, distribution of settlement currency (increase contracts in emerging countries currencies, etc. except dollars)
  45. When the economy is in recession, many companies reduce the fixed expenses R & D expenses and lower the breakeven point.
  46. Determination of optimal production method: Is it in-house production, contract production, domestic production, overseas production? Materials of judgment: procurement cost of parts, labor cost, sales area, education level, production performance, capital goods / technology level
  47. Inventory turnover = focus on inventory turnover. Usually 5 to 10 times
  48. In industries with large capital investment (fixed assets), a large amount of depreciation expenses are generated and push down net income, but there is no actual outflow of funds. It is good to see the competence of such an industry. Internal growth rate = ROE (%) × internal reserve ratio (internal growth rate: net assets, profits, dividend growth rate), (internal reserve ratio: percentage of profits not to be distributed)
  49. Value creation type finance: Contribute to the improvement of corporate value through financial support and receive part of value improvement as compensation. Not only financial support but also knowledge support is important.
  50. In addition to tangible asset investment, intangible asset investment (research and development, organization reform, education and training, advertising publicity, software investment etc) is important for productivity improvement and economic growth.
  51. Substantial yield of a newly-built studio apartment in the metropolitan area is 3.3%
  52. Two empirical rules of standard competition: "Large capacity wins" "Lose if you drag the current standard"
  53. Sales per convenience store in one store is approximately 600,000 yen
  54. Vertically integrated type: integrated production from liquid crystal panel to television: Matsushita, Sharp, Samsung
  55. Horizontal division of labor: Part manufacturing and assembly are outsourced to Taiwan parts manufacturer, assembly manufacturer, our company concentrates on sales. Low-priced products can be produced by combining semiconductor, electronic parts, panels, and assembling specialized companies
  56. While the technology is new, the vertically integrated type consistent from R & D to sales is dominant, but if technologies spread and become general-purpose products, the horizontal division of labor will dominate.
  57. Continuous capital investment: source of growth
  58. R & D management follows strategy: portfolio optimization of multiple R & D projects
  59. Resource constraints of people, things, money, risk tolerance constraints
  60. Corporate value changed from "net asset value" to "asset after market value evaluation (discounted present value of future CF) minus debt".
  61. Oligopolization of Home Appliance Market: To sell low-priced products only by mass merchandisers, purchasing large-selling models only. Oligopolization of home appliance stores leads to oligopolization of products.
  62. Internal reserves = Retained earnings - Dividends Cash reserves = cash deposits + securities (current assets)
  64. In the era of sustainable management.
  65. The average ROA will be higher for companies with larger annual variance (standard deviation) of ROA.
  66. Retail trend: One stop shopping
  67. Consumer scene walks to consumer's whereabouts
  68. Three burdens on consumers: money to pay, time, risk of failure
  69. In the management diagnosis, we hear the voice of the workplace from about 200 people, in the general employee, middle-ranking and executive all layers. The solution is on site. The solution knows the site by skin.
  70. Material stocks are linked to sales (material price x quantity): focus on price trends of H-shaped steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, naphtha and ethylene.
  71. Vertical regime: integrated production from parts to products, secret all processes to trade secrets. Ex. Sharp's LCD panel
  72. Horizontal division of labor squeeze to the design, design and marketing of products. Production is outsourced. The contractor is responsible for reducing the manufacturing cost. Ex. Apple iPod
  73. Capital cost = Return expected by investors against invested capital. It depends on business risk. EX. Panasonic 8%, Kirin Brewery 5%, Osaka Gas 3%
  74. Input of new products is a form of price revision
  75. Out of market products, new product input rate 35%, old product exit rate 30%
  76. EV / EBITDA ratio = (market capitalization + interest bearing liability) / (ordinary profit + interest expense + depreciation)
  77. Total assets = asset stock valuations + flow income
  78. The source of added value = rewrite "tacit knowledge" by Kan and experience to "formal knowledge" that anyone can understand + a combination of general purpose goods.
  79. Communication skills: "the power of words" to properly disseminate vision and world strategy towards customers and employees around the world and to persuade logically.
  80. dissatisfaction points, troubles, desires, lifestyle improvement desire in everyday life become needs of new products, and inventions are created.
  81. Value added = Ordinary profit + Depreciation expenses + Labor cost